Exam Paper Practice
Question 1
To begin with, The Independent is a British newspaper established 1986. The newspaper is a centre left newspaper therefore, they are more likely to hold more positve represenations of immigrants who come from ethnic minority bacgkrounds and are often labelled and viewed as inferior compared to the white in general or white British.
As we look at the newspaper the main caption stating `Farewell, Jungle. Hello, uncertain future` symbolises how the newspaper tries to portray that these immigrants are in such an unstable and insecure position that they have no idea where they will be at each day and what will happen to them. By saying `uncertain future` it means that the newspaper is sympathetic with them and the situation they are in as hwat has happened to them is not neccesasary their fault but can be seen as the fault of the racist society which places them in an disadvantaged positon is society compared to the whit people.
Further down, we can see that the information written says that if parents do not fill in the field stating the ethnicity of their children the teachers will then be allowed to `ascribe` the ethnicity, in other words `guess` the ethnicity. By portraying this, it draws the attention as this is a very unfair way of defining the ethnicity of a certain person. Gilroy`s theory of post-colonialism can be used to support the view of the unfair treatment of the ethnic minorities as the black often African- Caribbean people are viewed as inferior and subservient to the white people as they are seen as the dominant ethnicity in today`s society. The post-colonial theory of Gilroy`s dates back to the days of slavery which is when the differences between black and white people arised from. This therefore, can link back to today`s modern day slavery where the black people are treated as subservient to the white people. Therefore, the image used in The Independent, portraying an image of an African person who is a refugee can reinforce audience and readers to feel sympathetic towards them but equaly the fact that they are portrayed as inferior and vulnerable can result in them becoming victims of racism.
Looking at The Independent, i can identify that the migrants can be seen as marginalised- pushed away to the edge of mainstream society and therefore as dehumanised creatures rather than being equal to the white people. As the individuals of Source A, are portrayed as `inferior and marginalised` this can link to Gilroy`s colonialism theory as in the past western countries took over and therefore colonised many countries mainly in Africa and Asia. Therefore, as the individuals of Source A come from a Black African ethnicity, this can suggest why they are viewed as `dehumanised and inferior`, because they have been colinised by the Western countries, taking away their power, which can be seen in the situation they are in as they are refugees therefore they are powerless and their future will be decided by other individuals which are more powerful than them and have a higher position in the authority which will be people from a white european background as evident in the newspaper as the refugees are at the border of France.
Source A and Source B, consist of different represenations of ethnicity as the photo at Source B portrays individuals that look like they are from a Black African/Middle Eastern backgrounds whereas, in Source B, The Daily Mail newspaper shows an image of White women which most likely comes from a Western European background. This can then bring Gilroy`s theory of post-colonialism can be used to support this as it can be viewed that randomly `ascribing` an ethnicity to someone without knowing if it is reflecting the reality it can lead to the exlusion of these people and them being discriminated or labelled negatively. It can therefore, construct an ethnic hierarchy which can lead to the social exclusion of some people. In addition, it can further lead to the creation of binary opposites in terms of ethnicities for example, separating white, black and asian people as a result of their ethnic background. The Independent therefore, cuases the audience to sympathise with the situation and with the individuals who are going through issues like this, which can also be seen through the image of the newspaper, showing how the 2 individuals are being separated from eachother and are ready to part.
Furthermore, The Dialy Mail newspaper uses celebrity appeal and therefore, the way the celebrity is portrayed in a good light as a result of her appearance as she is wearing new, elegant clothing as well as make-up, unlike the people at the image of Source A, as they as just portrayed as `useless refugees` that will only help in the creating of negaitve problems. Alos, their clothing is quite old and over-used portraying them as poor and deprived individuals therefore showing them in a negative light. Furthermore, the appeaarance of the refugees shown at Source A, portrays them as inferior compared to the celebrity shown at Source B, as her appearance is of high quality and therefore making her look powerful.
Question 2
The main feauture, which strongly difers the two newspapers- Daily Mail and The Independent from eachother that unlike The Independent, the newspaper The Daily Mail is a strongly right wing newspaper therefore influenced and sharing similar ideas of the Conservatives, whereas The Independent is a centre left, therefore is leaning towards left wing more, therefore being influenced particularly by the Liberal Party.
Firstly, the image of the newspaper The Independent portrays more sympathetical views towards and of immigrants whereas the Daily Mail` sub headline saying `Britain will foot a 36milliion bill to clear out the Jungle migrant camp in Calais`. This caption can be interpreted as `good news` according to the Harcups values as, the strongly right wing newspapers are strongly opposing and against immigration therefore clearing the Calais, Jungle camp will mean that there will be a lower number of immigrants having the chance to enter the UK which they are going to delighted with and happy with. Furthermore, the main headline stating the word `YOU` in bold and in capitals shows the clear use of direct mode of address, focusing the reader`s attention on this story of the newspaper in specific which is about immigration and the Jungle camp in Calais. This can be seen as a negative representation of the migrants as the newspaper can be seen as informing its readers and the UK`s population that because of the migrants, they will have to pay such high taxes in order for this cleaout therefore, it can be seen as blaming the immigrants for the high taxes the British people will have to pay. Moreover, another very dominant harcups value of t=The Independent cna be seen as being magnitude. This can be beacuse by inserting high money figures such as `36million` connotes the huge impact that thes emoney will have pn the populaiton of Britain, as every person will be contributing towards the total amount through paying taxes.
Gerbner`s cultivation theory will suggets that this specificly negative represenation of the immigrants, created by the Daily Mail newspaper can therefore act as a way of influecing the views that the readers hold about immigrants and therefore change them in a negative way. For example, this can be done becasue the newspaper has included a very high money figure which means that the immigrants will have to pay high amounts of money in order for this clearout to happen therefore the audience as a result of the representaiton of the newspaper can start blaming the immigrants rather than shopwing sympathy towards them and their lifes, as they will be seen as the amin cause for the English having to pay such hugh taxes, because of the immigrants.
In Source A, The Indepependent, media language such as the captions are written and published showing and supporting a much more commiserate way, feeling to some extend sorry for the immigrants and seeming them as victims rather than blaming them. This, can be therefore seen after having used the word `dismantled` as part of the media language of the newspaper. Having used this word which is very powerful and has strong connotations portraying the pain that the immigrants are going through as they are forced to be separated form their families and only peoplle they are close with. The Independent, therefore portrays them in a vulnerable state as they have no choice and forced to go with the flow, meaning hat they do not having any alternative opportunities to escape the situations they are in currently. Their vulnerability therefore makes them exposed to violence of people who view them negatively and hold negative stereotypes upon them, which can encourage people to feel even more sympathetictowasrds the immigrants of the Jiungle camp in Calais.
Tgis newspaper is seen as holding many more stories rather than focusing only on the immigration issue sin Calais. Thius can be seen through the use of `entertainment` value of presenting a picture of Kylie. She is a very influencial person therefore, the newpaper can moreover be seen as using `celebrities` as a value too. And lastly, the sell line linking to `surprise` as a value stating `dream cure for insomnia` can draw the attention of the audience and of the readers as they are liekly to be surprised by the caption and would like to read more. This therfore, shows how the Daily Mail uses a much mroe diverse language as it demonstartes a greater use of values, whereas the Independent focuses mainly on the value of `news`.
The newspaper of Source B, consist of a more diverse colour palette, therefore the connotations of the newspaper are more positive whereas, for Source A, the opposite can be said as the newspaper cover page mostly consists of black & white meaning these colours have been used in specific as to reflect the dull an hard situation that the refugees are in.
As Source B uses a celebrity appeal, this shows how the newspaper diverts the attention of the audience from the story about the refugees and focuses it on the entertainment of the magazine which can be seen through the use of images and the caption of `My dream cure for insomnia` whereas, the attention of the audience of Source A, is directly focused on the issue with the refugees at the border of France.
Question 3
Technological developments and the change of the economic contexts have both led to a change in the cost for audiences of consuming the news.
The Guadian and The Daily Mail, both have a target of a of an ABC1 socio economic demographic, which consists of the higher income people with more disposable income. This has therefore led to the chnages and developments in technology in order for the newspapers to match the needs of their target market. A technological change, has been the introduction of online news, which has therefore decreased the number of print news and their production as for the target demographic of both newspapers being ABC1, means that it will be easier of them to be able to read the news online rather than having to buy the newest print edition each day. Therefore, this shows how the consumation of the news has been made easily accessbile.
The Daily Mail newspaper, is owned by the DMGT group with its chairman being Lord Rothermere. The DGMT now offers the MailOnline content on a number of different platforms including desktop, mobile, tablet formats and social media. Furthermore, this has ecouraged audiences to access their content in different ways and has also led to the changing platforms for advertising. Due to the success as an online brand, in 2017 revenue from advertising has increased by 18% to £26 million. This has led to, a number of other advantages such in terms of the production, distribution and circulation of the content of the Daily Mail, helping them to cut costs, increase revenue, and reach a wider audience. However, the revenue from the print news of the Daily mail has dropped. The Daily Mail has 25% of the market share in print news however, the circulation figures have dropped by 12% since 2016, showing that the paper is making far less revenues from circulation than it has in the past. As ther is less consumation of the paper copies of the Dialy Mail this led to the closure of Dudcit printing facilities to reduce the prodcution costs of the paper. The cover price has also increased from 60p to 65p in February 2018.
The Daily Mail, therefore offers an online subscription of £10.99 a month which includes the delivery of the digital edition of the Daily Mail, with receiving tomorro`s newspaper edition the night before. The subscription also includes the The Mail on Sunday including a number of magazines such as Weekend, You and Event. The online subscription appeals to the target marekt of the newspaper as it is easy to access, the packet is quite diverse not only including the newspaper`s edition therefore increasing the number of online readers and equally decreasing the production and circulation of the print versions as there is low demand for it.
Similarly, The Guardian has also developed an online brand accessible via mobile, tablet and desktop. As The Guardian has adapted to the changes in the digital technology and convergence within the industry, it is helping for the survival of the newspaper and potential growth. For, The Guardian the online subscriptions vary from £10.36 per month for just the Sturday editions to £47.62 per month for the everyday editions.
To begin with, The Independent is a British newspaper established 1986. The newspaper is a centre left newspaper therefore, they are more likely to hold more positve represenations of immigrants who come from ethnic minority bacgkrounds and are often labelled and viewed as inferior compared to the white in general or white British.
As we look at the newspaper the main caption stating `Farewell, Jungle. Hello, uncertain future` symbolises how the newspaper tries to portray that these immigrants are in such an unstable and insecure position that they have no idea where they will be at each day and what will happen to them. By saying `uncertain future` it means that the newspaper is sympathetic with them and the situation they are in as hwat has happened to them is not neccesasary their fault but can be seen as the fault of the racist society which places them in an disadvantaged positon is society compared to the whit people.
Further down, we can see that the information written says that if parents do not fill in the field stating the ethnicity of their children the teachers will then be allowed to `ascribe` the ethnicity, in other words `guess` the ethnicity. By portraying this, it draws the attention as this is a very unfair way of defining the ethnicity of a certain person. Gilroy`s theory of post-colonialism can be used to support the view of the unfair treatment of the ethnic minorities as the black often African- Caribbean people are viewed as inferior and subservient to the white people as they are seen as the dominant ethnicity in today`s society. The post-colonial theory of Gilroy`s dates back to the days of slavery which is when the differences between black and white people arised from. This therefore, can link back to today`s modern day slavery where the black people are treated as subservient to the white people. Therefore, the image used in The Independent, portraying an image of an African person who is a refugee can reinforce audience and readers to feel sympathetic towards them but equaly the fact that they are portrayed as inferior and vulnerable can result in them becoming victims of racism.
Looking at The Independent, i can identify that the migrants can be seen as marginalised- pushed away to the edge of mainstream society and therefore as dehumanised creatures rather than being equal to the white people. As the individuals of Source A, are portrayed as `inferior and marginalised` this can link to Gilroy`s colonialism theory as in the past western countries took over and therefore colonised many countries mainly in Africa and Asia. Therefore, as the individuals of Source A come from a Black African ethnicity, this can suggest why they are viewed as `dehumanised and inferior`, because they have been colinised by the Western countries, taking away their power, which can be seen in the situation they are in as they are refugees therefore they are powerless and their future will be decided by other individuals which are more powerful than them and have a higher position in the authority which will be people from a white european background as evident in the newspaper as the refugees are at the border of France.
Source A and Source B, consist of different represenations of ethnicity as the photo at Source B portrays individuals that look like they are from a Black African/Middle Eastern backgrounds whereas, in Source B, The Daily Mail newspaper shows an image of White women which most likely comes from a Western European background. This can then bring Gilroy`s theory of post-colonialism can be used to support this as it can be viewed that randomly `ascribing` an ethnicity to someone without knowing if it is reflecting the reality it can lead to the exlusion of these people and them being discriminated or labelled negatively. It can therefore, construct an ethnic hierarchy which can lead to the social exclusion of some people. In addition, it can further lead to the creation of binary opposites in terms of ethnicities for example, separating white, black and asian people as a result of their ethnic background. The Independent therefore, cuases the audience to sympathise with the situation and with the individuals who are going through issues like this, which can also be seen through the image of the newspaper, showing how the 2 individuals are being separated from eachother and are ready to part.
Furthermore, The Dialy Mail newspaper uses celebrity appeal and therefore, the way the celebrity is portrayed in a good light as a result of her appearance as she is wearing new, elegant clothing as well as make-up, unlike the people at the image of Source A, as they as just portrayed as `useless refugees` that will only help in the creating of negaitve problems. Alos, their clothing is quite old and over-used portraying them as poor and deprived individuals therefore showing them in a negative light. Furthermore, the appeaarance of the refugees shown at Source A, portrays them as inferior compared to the celebrity shown at Source B, as her appearance is of high quality and therefore making her look powerful.
Question 2
The main feauture, which strongly difers the two newspapers- Daily Mail and The Independent from eachother that unlike The Independent, the newspaper The Daily Mail is a strongly right wing newspaper therefore influenced and sharing similar ideas of the Conservatives, whereas The Independent is a centre left, therefore is leaning towards left wing more, therefore being influenced particularly by the Liberal Party.
Firstly, the image of the newspaper The Independent portrays more sympathetical views towards and of immigrants whereas the Daily Mail` sub headline saying `Britain will foot a 36milliion bill to clear out the Jungle migrant camp in Calais`. This caption can be interpreted as `good news` according to the Harcups values as, the strongly right wing newspapers are strongly opposing and against immigration therefore clearing the Calais, Jungle camp will mean that there will be a lower number of immigrants having the chance to enter the UK which they are going to delighted with and happy with. Furthermore, the main headline stating the word `YOU` in bold and in capitals shows the clear use of direct mode of address, focusing the reader`s attention on this story of the newspaper in specific which is about immigration and the Jungle camp in Calais. This can be seen as a negative representation of the migrants as the newspaper can be seen as informing its readers and the UK`s population that because of the migrants, they will have to pay such high taxes in order for this cleaout therefore, it can be seen as blaming the immigrants for the high taxes the British people will have to pay. Moreover, another very dominant harcups value of t=The Independent cna be seen as being magnitude. This can be beacuse by inserting high money figures such as `36million` connotes the huge impact that thes emoney will have pn the populaiton of Britain, as every person will be contributing towards the total amount through paying taxes.
Gerbner`s cultivation theory will suggets that this specificly negative represenation of the immigrants, created by the Daily Mail newspaper can therefore act as a way of influecing the views that the readers hold about immigrants and therefore change them in a negative way. For example, this can be done becasue the newspaper has included a very high money figure which means that the immigrants will have to pay high amounts of money in order for this clearout to happen therefore the audience as a result of the representaiton of the newspaper can start blaming the immigrants rather than shopwing sympathy towards them and their lifes, as they will be seen as the amin cause for the English having to pay such hugh taxes, because of the immigrants.
In Source A, The Indepependent, media language such as the captions are written and published showing and supporting a much more commiserate way, feeling to some extend sorry for the immigrants and seeming them as victims rather than blaming them. This, can be therefore seen after having used the word `dismantled` as part of the media language of the newspaper. Having used this word which is very powerful and has strong connotations portraying the pain that the immigrants are going through as they are forced to be separated form their families and only peoplle they are close with. The Independent, therefore portrays them in a vulnerable state as they have no choice and forced to go with the flow, meaning hat they do not having any alternative opportunities to escape the situations they are in currently. Their vulnerability therefore makes them exposed to violence of people who view them negatively and hold negative stereotypes upon them, which can encourage people to feel even more sympathetictowasrds the immigrants of the Jiungle camp in Calais.
Tgis newspaper is seen as holding many more stories rather than focusing only on the immigration issue sin Calais. Thius can be seen through the use of `entertainment` value of presenting a picture of Kylie. She is a very influencial person therefore, the newpaper can moreover be seen as using `celebrities` as a value too. And lastly, the sell line linking to `surprise` as a value stating `dream cure for insomnia` can draw the attention of the audience and of the readers as they are liekly to be surprised by the caption and would like to read more. This therfore, shows how the Daily Mail uses a much mroe diverse language as it demonstartes a greater use of values, whereas the Independent focuses mainly on the value of `news`.
The newspaper of Source B, consist of a more diverse colour palette, therefore the connotations of the newspaper are more positive whereas, for Source A, the opposite can be said as the newspaper cover page mostly consists of black & white meaning these colours have been used in specific as to reflect the dull an hard situation that the refugees are in.
As Source B uses a celebrity appeal, this shows how the newspaper diverts the attention of the audience from the story about the refugees and focuses it on the entertainment of the magazine which can be seen through the use of images and the caption of `My dream cure for insomnia` whereas, the attention of the audience of Source A, is directly focused on the issue with the refugees at the border of France.
Question 3
Technological developments and the change of the economic contexts have both led to a change in the cost for audiences of consuming the news.
The Guadian and The Daily Mail, both have a target of a of an ABC1 socio economic demographic, which consists of the higher income people with more disposable income. This has therefore led to the chnages and developments in technology in order for the newspapers to match the needs of their target market. A technological change, has been the introduction of online news, which has therefore decreased the number of print news and their production as for the target demographic of both newspapers being ABC1, means that it will be easier of them to be able to read the news online rather than having to buy the newest print edition each day. Therefore, this shows how the consumation of the news has been made easily accessbile.
The Daily Mail newspaper, is owned by the DMGT group with its chairman being Lord Rothermere. The DGMT now offers the MailOnline content on a number of different platforms including desktop, mobile, tablet formats and social media. Furthermore, this has ecouraged audiences to access their content in different ways and has also led to the changing platforms for advertising. Due to the success as an online brand, in 2017 revenue from advertising has increased by 18% to £26 million. This has led to, a number of other advantages such in terms of the production, distribution and circulation of the content of the Daily Mail, helping them to cut costs, increase revenue, and reach a wider audience. However, the revenue from the print news of the Daily mail has dropped. The Daily Mail has 25% of the market share in print news however, the circulation figures have dropped by 12% since 2016, showing that the paper is making far less revenues from circulation than it has in the past. As ther is less consumation of the paper copies of the Dialy Mail this led to the closure of Dudcit printing facilities to reduce the prodcution costs of the paper. The cover price has also increased from 60p to 65p in February 2018.
The Daily Mail, therefore offers an online subscription of £10.99 a month which includes the delivery of the digital edition of the Daily Mail, with receiving tomorro`s newspaper edition the night before. The subscription also includes the The Mail on Sunday including a number of magazines such as Weekend, You and Event. The online subscription appeals to the target marekt of the newspaper as it is easy to access, the packet is quite diverse not only including the newspaper`s edition therefore increasing the number of online readers and equally decreasing the production and circulation of the print versions as there is low demand for it.
Similarly, The Guardian has also developed an online brand accessible via mobile, tablet and desktop. As The Guardian has adapted to the changes in the digital technology and convergence within the industry, it is helping for the survival of the newspaper and potential growth. For, The Guardian the online subscriptions vary from £10.36 per month for just the Sturday editions to £47.62 per month for the everyday editions.
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